In relation to diabetes, what does the term "insulin resistance" refer to?

Insulin resistance refers to the condition in which the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. When insulin is released from the pancreas, it signals cells in the body, particularly muscle and fat cells, to take up glucose from the bloodstream. In the case of insulin resistance, despite the presence of insulin in the bloodstream, these cells do not properly respond to the hormone. As a result, glucose remains in the blood, leading to elevated blood sugar levels, which is a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes.

This condition often develops over time and can be associated with various factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, and genetic predisposition. Understanding insulin resistance is critical in the context of diabetes management, as improving insulin sensitivity through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, can help to lower the risk or severity of diabetes.