In terms of genetics, what does PKU stand for?

PKU stands for Phenylketonuria, which is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is crucial for the metabolism of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many protein-containing foods. When this enzyme is lacking, phenylalanine accumulates in the body, leading to potentially severe neurological damage and cognitive impairment if not managed early in life.

Phenylketonuria is typically screened for at birth, as early intervention with a strict diet low in phenylalanine can prevent the serious consequences of the disorder. The understanding of PKU highlights the importance of genetic factors in metabolic processes and the significance of dietary management in affected individuals. Other terms provided in the choices do not relate to this specific genetic condition and lack the critical biochemical context that PKU implies.