In what way does melatonin influence circadian rhythms?

Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms, primarily by influencing sleep-wake cycles. This hormone is produced by the pineal gland in response to darkness, signaling to the body that it is time to prepare for sleep. It decreases alertness and helps to promote the onset of sleep, aligning the body’s internal biological clock with the external environment, particularly the light-dark cycle.

The production and release of melatonin typically rise in the evening and peak during the night, gradually decreasing as morning approaches. This rhythmic fluctuation helps to synchronize various physiological processes, including hormone release, body temperature, and sleep patterns, thereby maintaining a regular sleep-wake cycle. By facilitating sleep, melatonin supports overall health and well-being, emphasizing its key role in the maintenance of circadian rhythms.