What are the compounds called that help trap light energy for photosynthesis?

The compounds that help trap light energy for photosynthesis are known as accessory pigments. These pigments play a crucial role in capturing different wavelengths of light that chlorophyll a, the primary pigment in plants, may not effectively absorb. While chlorophyll a primarily absorbs blue-violet and red light, accessory pigments, such as chlorophyll b and carotenoids, allow the plant to harness a broader spectrum of light energy. This enhances the overall efficiency of the photosynthetic process, enabling plants to produce more glucose and oxygen, which are vital for their survival and growth.

Accessory pigments also protect the plant from damage caused by excessive light and can help in the photoprotection of chlorophyll a. This adaptability to various light conditions is crucial for plants, especially in diverse environments.