What are the individual proteins that form a viral capsid called?

The individual proteins that form a viral capsid are called capsomeres. These protein units come together to create the protective outer shell, or capsid, of the virus, which serves to encapsulate and protect its genetic material. The capsomeres play a crucial role in determining the structure and function of the capsid, influencing how the virus interacts with host cells during infection.

Understanding the structure of the viral capsid and its components is essential in virology as it not only aids in the identification of different viruses but also assists in the development of vaccines and antiviral strategies. The capsid's ability to form from these units provides a level of flexibility and versatility, allowing various viruses to adopt different shapes and sizes, which can be related to their specific pathogenic behaviors.