What best describes the property of a neuron that determines how well it can transmit a signal?

The property of a neuron that primarily determines how well it can transmit a signal is conductance. Conductance refers to the ability of ions to move across the neuron's membrane, which is crucial for generating and propagating action potentials—the electrical signals that neurons use to communicate.

When a neuron is stimulated, ion channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell, which changes the membrane potential and propagates the signal along the axon. High conductance indicates a greater ability of the neuron to allow ions to move, which enhances the speed and reliability of signal transmission.

Conductance is influenced by various factors, including the diameter of the axon and the presence of myelin sheath, which both reduce resistance and increase the efficiency of signal transmission.

The other options—such as inhibition, resolution, and potential difference—address different aspects of neuron function but do not directly measure its ability to transmit signals as conductance does. Inhibition refers to the suppression of signal transmission, resolution pertains to the clarity or detail in signal detection and processing, and potential difference is related to the voltage difference across a membrane, which is essential for signal generation but does not encompass the whole concept of how effectively that signal is transmitted along the neuron.