What classification system is based on evolutionary relationships rather than physical appearances?

The classification system that is based on evolutionary relationships is phylogenetic classification. This method organizes organisms according to their evolutionary history and lineage, which is often depicted using a phylogenetic tree. These trees show how different species are related through common ancestors, emphasizing the changes and divergence in species over time.

In phylogenetic classification, genetic information, such as DNA sequences, is frequently used to determine these evolutionary links. This approach allows scientists to group organisms in a way that reflects their true evolutionary relationships, rather than simply focusing on superficial physical traits.

In contrast, other classification systems like phenotypic classification focus on observable characteristics, which may not accurately indicate how closely related different species are. Genetic classification, while it uses genetics, can refer to various methods that might not specifically address evolutionary relationships. Taxonomic classification is a broader term that encompasses various methods of organizing living organisms, not exclusively tied to their evolutionary lineage. Therefore, phylogenetic classification is the most appropriate approach for understanding the evolutionary connections among organisms.