What does "biological properties" refer to in the context of proteins?

In the context of proteins, "biological properties" primarily refer to the functional characteristics that are influenced by the protein's three-dimensional structure. Proteins perform a diverse array of functions in biological systems, including catalyzing reactions as enzymes, providing structural support, transporting molecules, and regulating cellular processes. These functions depend intricately on how the protein is shaped and how its structure allows it to interact with other molecules.

For instance, the specific arrangement of amino acids determines the protein's folding and ultimate shape, which in turn governs its ability to bind with substrates, receptors, or other proteins. This relationship between structure and function highlights why biological properties are fundamentally about how a protein operates within a biological context. Understanding this aspect is essential for studying how proteins contribute to cellular and organismal functionality.