What does cell proliferation refer to?

Cell proliferation refers to the process by which cells grow and divide, resulting in an increased number of cells. This phenomenon is essential for various biological processes, including tissue growth, repair, and regeneration. During cell proliferation, cells undergo the cell cycle, which includes phases such as interphase (where the cell grows and prepares for division) and mitosis (where the cell divides to form two daughter cells).

This process plays a critical role in development, as well as in the maintenance of healthy tissues throughout an organism's life. Understanding cell proliferation is vital in fields such as cancer research, where abnormal proliferation can lead to tumor formation. Hence, the correct choice highlights the growth and division aspect of cell proliferation, distinguishing it from processes like cell death, size increase without division, or a decrease in cell numbers.