What is a gene that can potentially lead to cancer when activated known as?

A gene that has the potential to lead to cancer when activated is known as an oncogene. Oncogenes are derived from proto-oncogenes, which are normal genes that play a role in cell growth and division. When proto-oncogenes undergo mutations or are abnormally activated, they become oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and potentially cancerous growth.

In contrast, proto-oncogenes themselves play a critical role in normal cellular functions, but the mutation or inappropriate activation of these genes is what designates them as oncogenes. It’s important to distinguish oncogenes from other terms: mutagens are agents that cause mutations in DNA, while carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer through various mechanisms, not necessarily linked to specific genes.