What is a karyogram?

A karyogram is specifically defined as a representation of chromosomes arranged in pairs, typically organized by size and shape, displaying the entire set of chromosomes in an organism. This arrangement allows for the visualization of the species' chromosomal structure, which can be crucial for identifying chromosomal abnormalities, understanding genetic diseases, and investigating evolutionary relationships among species.

In a karyogram, chromosomes are stained and photographed during cell division when they are most condensed and visible, usually at the metaphase stage of mitosis. The resulting image can reveal important information, such as the total number of chromosomes, the presence of any structural abnormalities (like duplications or deletions), and the sex chromosomes that indicate the sex of the organism.

Understanding the structure and arrangement of chromosomes through a karyogram is fundamental in genetics and can provide insight into the genetic make-up and potential heritable conditions within a population.