What is proofreading in the context of DNA replication?

Proofreading during DNA replication specifically refers to the ability of DNA polymerase to identify and correct errors that occur while it is synthesizing new DNA strands. As DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing chain, it simultaneously checks for any mismatched bases that have been incorporated. If it detects an incorrect base pairing, the enzyme can remove the mismatched nucleotide and replace it with the correct one. This activity significantly enhances the accuracy of DNA replication and helps to maintain the integrity of the genetic information passed on during cell division.

The other choices do not accurately describe the proofreading function. The removal of damaged DNA sections pertains more to DNA repair mechanisms rather than proofreading during replication. Adding new nucleotides is a fundamental part of the replication process itself, but it does not involve checking or correcting errors. RNA splicing is a distinct process related to RNA processing after transcription and is unrelated to the functions of DNA replication.