What is the main function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

The primary function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is to amplify DNA. This technique allows scientists to generate millions of copies of a specific DNA segment, making it easier to study and analyze. PCR is widely used in various applications, including genetic research, forensics, diagnostics, and cloning.

During the PCR process, the DNA is subjected to repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and elongation, facilitated by specific enzymes, like DNA polymerase. This process increases the quantity of the targeted DNA exponentially, enabling detailed analysis that would otherwise be impractical with small initial amounts.