What is the name of the single layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in plant roots?

The single layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue in plant roots is known as the endodermis. This layer plays a crucial role in regulating the flow of water and nutrients from the soil into the vascular system of the plant.

The endodermis contains a unique structure called the Casparian strip, which is made of suberin, a waxy substance that creates a barrier to the passive flow of water and solutes. This allows the plant to selectively absorb minerals and nutrients, ensuring that only essential substances enter the vascular tissue while preventing the entry of harmful pathogens or toxins.

The cuticle serves as a protective layer on the surface of leaves and stems, not on the vascular tissue. The pericycle is found just inside the endodermis and is involved in the formation of lateral roots. The epidermis is the outermost layer of cells that protects the plant but does not specifically surround the vascular tissue.