What is the primary function of the stigma in flowering plants?

The primary function of the stigma in flowering plants is to receive pollen during fertilization. The stigma is located at the tip of the pistil, which is the female reproductive organ of the flower. When pollinators such as bees, butterflies, or even wind transfer pollen from the male anthers to the stigma, it facilitates fertilization. Once pollen arrives at the stigma, it can germinate and grow a pollen tube down through the style to reach the ovary, where fertilization of the ovules occurs.

This role is crucial in the reproductive cycle of flowering plants, as it directly impacts the successful production of seeds and the continuation of the plant species. While the stigma may indirectly attract pollinators by its position and the overall flower's fragrance and color, its primary role is focused on the reception of pollen. Other structures, such as petals, are more directly involved in attracting pollinators, and the ovary's protection and photosynthesis are fulfilled by other parts of the plant.