What is the process called that involves the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction?

The process that involves the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction is referred to as reduction. During reduction, an atom or molecule decreases its oxidation state, indicating that it has accepted electrons. This is essential in many biological processes, such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis, where molecules are often reduced to form energy-carrying compounds.

For instance, in cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized while oxygen is reduced, allowing for the transfer of energy. Understanding reduction is crucial for students studying metabolic pathways and redox reactions, as these concepts are fundamental to biochemistry and energy transfer in living organisms.