What is the process called when blood vessels widen to increase blood flow?

Vasodilation is the process by which blood vessels widen, allowing more blood to flow through them. This widening occurs when the smooth muscle in the vessel walls relaxes, which can happen in response to various physiological signals, such as increased body temperature, physical activity, or the presence of certain chemicals like nitric oxide.

When vasodilation occurs, it can lead to an increase in blood flow to specific tissues, which is especially important during times of heightened demand, such as exercise. Improved blood flow enhances the delivery of oxygen and nutrients while also facilitating the removal of waste products from metabolic processes. This adaptive mechanism plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and ensuring that the body's tissues receive adequate blood supply depending on their metabolic needs.

In contrast, vasoconstriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, hypotension is a condition characterized by low blood pressure, and blood flow regulation encompasses various mechanisms that control blood flow but does not specifically refer to the process of vessel widening.