What is the process of splitting water molecules using light energy called?

The process of splitting water molecules using light energy is known as photolysis. This term specifically refers to the breakdown of molecules by the action of light. In the context of photosynthesis, photolysis takes place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, where light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons. This reaction plays a critical role in the production of energy-rich molecules, which are essential for the synthesizing of glucose during photosynthesis.

The correct choice reflects a fundamental biological process crucial for the sustenance of life on Earth, as the oxygen released during photolysis is vital for aerobic organisms. Understanding this concept is essential in the study of plant biology and energy conversion systems.