What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

The correct answer highlights the essential function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in the process of protein synthesis. tRNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome, the cellular machinery where protein synthesis occurs. During translation, each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid corresponding to a codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). This interaction ensures that the amino acids are added in the correct sequence, which is critical for forming proteins accurately according to the genetic code.

Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon region that matches the complementary codon on the mRNA. This matching process not only transports the correct amino acids but also facilitates the assembly of the amino acids into a polypeptide chain, leading to the formation of proteins. Without tRNA, the ribosome would not have the necessary components to synthesize proteins, making its role indispensable in this biological process.