What is the specific function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

In protein synthesis, transfer RNA (tRNA) has a crucial role by carrying amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to the codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA). This specificity ensures that the correct amino acid, corresponding to the specific codon in the mRNA sequence, is delivered to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

This function is vital because the sequence of amino acids, translated from the mRNA, determines the structure and function of the resulting protein. Therefore, tRNA acts as an adaptor that translates the genetic code into a functional molecule, enabling the accurate synthesis of proteins according to the instructions encoded in the mRNA. The other choices pertain to different processes or structures in the cells that are not related to the direct role of tRNA in protein synthesis.