What is the term for the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome?

The term for the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome is "proteome." The proteome encompasses all the proteins that are produced by the genes of an organism at a given time, under specific conditions, and in a specific location. This term reflects the functional products of the genetic information encoded in the genome and takes into account factors such as post-translational modifications and protein interactions.

Understanding the proteome is crucial for investigating cellular functions and complex biological processes, as proteins are vital for many life processes, including structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. In contrast, the other terms refer to different aspects of biological information: the genotype pertains to the genetic constitution of an organism, the phenome relates to observable traits and characteristics, and the transcriptome involves the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any specific time. Each of these terms provides distinct insights into biological research, but the proteome specifically addresses the functional expression of proteins derived from that genetic base.