What is the term for a method of selecting a sample from a population that avoids bias?

The method of selecting a sample from a population that avoids bias is known as random sampling. This technique involves selecting individuals in such a way that every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. This randomness helps ensure that the sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the larger population, minimizing the potential for systematic errors that could arise from other sampling methods.

In contrast, systematic sampling involves selecting individuals based on a fixed, regular pattern, which can introduce bias if the population has periodic traits. Stratified sampling divides the population into homogenous subgroups and samples from each, which can lead to more accurate estimates, but may not be considered entirely free from bias depending on how the strata are defined. Convenience sampling, on the other hand, involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach, often leading to significant bias because it may not represent the entire population adequately.