What is the term for the process that leads to the enrichment of a body of water with nitrates and phosphates?

The process that leads to the enrichment of a body of water with nitrates and phosphates is known as eutrophication. This phenomenon occurs when nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, accumulate in water bodies, often due to runoff from agricultural land, sewage discharge, or fertilizers. The increased availability of these nutrients promotes excessive growth of algae and aquatic plants.

As the algal bloom develops, it can create a range of environmental issues, such as reduced oxygen levels in the water, which can lead to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. Eventually, when the algae die and decompose, the decomposition process further depletes oxygen, exacerbating the problem. This cycle significantly affects the aquatic ecosystem, leading to a decline in biodiversity and altering the balance of the ecosystem.

In contrast, the other terms do not describe this nutrient enrichment process. Oligotrophication refers to the process where a body of water has a low concentration of nutrients, usually resulting in clear water and relatively low biological productivity. Hydration pertains to the process involving the absorption of water or the chemical reaction of water with another substance. Termination is a general term that does not specifically relate to any biological or ecological process. Therefore, the term that accurately describes the enrichment of