What method of species identification utilizes short DNA sequences?

The method of species identification that utilizes short DNA sequences is DNA barcoding. This technique involves analyzing a specific region of DNA that is typically conserved across species but varies enough to be unique to each one. The most commonly used region in animals is a segment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI).

DNA barcoding allows for the rapid and accurate identification of species based on these short genetic sequences. It is particularly useful for distinguishing between cryptic species, which may look alike morphologically but can be identified through their genetic material. The method is widely applied in biodiversity studies, conservation efforts, and even in identifying species involved in criminal investigations or food fraud.

In contrast, genetic mapping refers to locating specific genes on chromosomes, which does not focus on short DNA sequences for identification purposes. DNA sequencing is a broader technique that determines the order of nucleotides in entire DNA molecules, rather than specifically using short sequences for species identification. Genetic profiling, while it does analyze specific sequences to identify individuals (commonly used in forensics), focuses on variable regions in the genome and does not serve as a standard method for identifying species like DNA barcoding does. Therefore, DNA barcoding stands out as the method specifically designed for species identification using