What process involves the addition of a phosphoryl group to an organic compound?

Phosphorylation is the specific process in which a phosphoryl group (PO4) is added to an organic compound. This reaction typically involves the transfer of a phosphate group from a donor molecule, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), to a substrate, thereby altering the substrate's structure and function. This modification plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways and metabolic processes, influencing various biological functions such as enzyme activity and signal transduction.

Understanding phosphorylation is crucial, as it is often involved in the regulation of proteins and can activate or deactivate enzymes. This process is integral to many cellular activities, including energy transfer and the regulation of metabolic pathways. The other processes listed do not specifically pertain to the addition of a phosphoryl group.