What process is used to recover and reuse enzymes by attaching them to an inert, insoluble material?

Immobilization is the key process used to recover and reuse enzymes by attaching them to an inert, insoluble material. This method allows enzymes to remain in a fixed position while still being able to interact with substrates. By using an inert support, enzymes can be retained in a process, facilitating their reuse in multiple catalytic reactions without the need for repeated extraction and purification steps.

This approach is particularly advantageous in various industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals and food processing, as it enhances the stability of enzymes and makes them easier to separate from products after a reaction. The benefits include increased efficiency and potential cost savings due to prolonged enzyme activity over time.

The other processes listed do not pertain to this method. Activation typically refers to the process of increasing enzyme activity, digestion involves breaking down substrates by enzymes, and hydrolysis is a specific type of reaction where water is used to break chemical bonds in molecules.