What system uses double names, in Latin, with the generic name preceding the specific name for organisms?

The system that employs double names in Latin, where the generic name precedes the specific name, is known as the binomial system. This nomenclature was formalized by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century and serves to provide a universal naming convention for organisms, allowing scientists to accurately identify and communicate about species.

In this system, the first part of the name indicates the genus, while the second part specifies the species within that genus. This hierarchical structure ensures that each species has a unique and universally recognized name, facilitating clear communication in the scientific community. The use of Latin helps avoid confusion that might arise from common names, which can vary by region and language.

The other options refer to different concepts within biology and taxonomy. The taxonomic hierarchy describes the broader arrangement of organisms into groups based on shared characteristics, while the dichotomous key is a tool used for identifying organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characteristics. The phylogenetic tree illustrates the evolutionary relationships among various species, showing how they are related through common ancestry, rather than focusing on naming conventions.