What term describes selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex?

The term that describes selection arising through preference by one sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the other sex is sexual selection. Sexual selection is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely than others to obtain mates. This can occur in two primary forms: intersexual selection, where individuals of one sex (typically females) choose mates based on specific desirable traits, and intrasexual selection, where individuals of the same sex compete with each other for access to mates.

In the context of sexual selection, characteristics that may be favored include physical traits, such as bright colors or elaborate displays, as well as behavioral traits that demonstrate fitness. These preferred traits signal the health, vitality, and genetic quality of a potential mate, ultimately influencing reproductive success.

This process differs from natural selection, which involves survival advantages and reproductive success based on various environmental pressures without the direct influence of mate choice. Artificial selection, on the other hand, involves human intervention in breeding practices based on desired traits. Lastly, group selection refers to the idea that natural selection can act on groups rather than just individuals, which is not the focus of this particular scenario.