What type of cell in the pancreas is responsible for secreting insulin?

The beta (β) cells in the pancreas are specifically responsible for the secretion of insulin. Located within clusters of cells called the islets of Langerhans, beta cells play a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels. When blood glucose concentrations rise, such as after a meal, these cells sense the increase and respond by secreting insulin. Insulin then facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells throughout the body, helping to lower blood sugar levels by promoting its storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

This function of beta cells is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. If these cells are dysfunctional or insufficient, it can lead to conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where insulin regulation is impaired. Understanding the role of beta cells highlights their importance in overall metabolic health and the management of energy in the body.