Which cells form the myelin sheath around the axons of motor and sensory neurons?

The myelin sheath around the axons of motor and sensory neurons is formed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. These cells create segmented layers of myelin, which is a fatty substance that insulates axons and speeds up the transmission of electrical signals along the nerve fibers. This insulation is crucial for efficient nerve signal propagation and plays a significant role in overall nervous system function.

In contrast, oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system, while astrocytes are involved in providing structural support and maintaining the extracellular environment for neurons. Microglia serve as immune cells within the central nervous system. Each type of glial cell has distinct functions, highlighting the specialized role of Schwann cells in the context of peripheral nerves.