Which component of tRNA is responsible for recognizing the codon on mRNA?

The component of tRNA that is responsible for recognizing the codon on mRNA is the anticodon. The anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. During the translation process, the tRNA binds to the mRNA at the ribosome, allowing the correct amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Each codon on the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid, and the anticodon ensures that the proper amino acid is incorporated according to the genetic code. This interaction is crucial for accurate protein synthesis, as it ensures that the sequence of the polypeptide matches the sequence of the mRNA.

The other options provided, including the codon, antibody, and antigen, play different roles in molecular biology and the immune system, respectively, and do not participate directly in the codon recognition process by tRNA.