Which eukaryotic protein plays a role in regulating transcription by binding with a signal molecule?

The nuclear receptor is a type of eukaryotic protein that plays a crucial role in regulating transcription in response to specific signal molecules, such as hormones or other signaling compounds. These receptors are found within the cell and can translocate to the nucleus upon binding to their respective ligands. Once inside the nucleus, the nuclear receptors function as transcription factors, binding to specific DNA sequences near target genes. This binding can activate or repress the transcription of those genes, facilitating a biological response to the signal molecule.

The involvement of nuclear receptors emphasizes their importance in numerous physiological processes, including development, metabolism, and homeostasis. The specificity of nuclear receptors to certain ligands and their subsequent actions showcase how cells respond to external signals by altering gene expression, thereby impacting cellular function and overall organismal health.