Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a crucial role in the female menstrual cycle, particularly in the process of ovulation. It is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is essential for triggering the release of an egg from the ovary. The surge in LH levels occurs mid-cycle and is the key factor that initiates ovulation, allowing the mature follicle to release the egg into the fallopian tube.

In contrast, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is more involved in the development of the ovarian follicles and is necessary for the maturation of eggs but does not cause ovulation itself. Prolactin primarily regulates lactation and has no direct role in ovulation. Estrogen is important for preparing the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg and also plays a significant role in the overall regulation of the menstrual cycle, but it is the LH surge that directly leads to ovulation. Thus, the role of luteinizing hormone in triggering the ovulation process distinctly makes this hormone the correct answer.