Which term refers to a change in a neuron's membrane potential to a more negative value?

Hyperpolarization refers to a change in a neuron’s membrane potential that makes it more negative than the resting membrane potential. This typically occurs when potassium ions exit the neuron or when chloride ions enter, increasing the negativity inside the cell compared to the outside. This change moves the membrane potential further away from the threshold needed to trigger an action potential, making it less likely for the neuron to fire.

Understanding hyperpolarization is essential in the context of neuronal signaling, as it plays a crucial role in the regulation of excitability and transmission of nerve impulses. It is a fundamental concept in neurobiology, demonstrating how nervous system cells communicate and respond to stimuli. The distinction between hyperpolarization and other terms such as depolarization or repolarization is vital for grasping the intricacies of membrane potential dynamics.