Which term refers to the primary mode of reproduction that involves genetic contribution from two parents?

The primary mode of reproduction that involves genetic contribution from two parents is known as sexual reproduction. In this process, gametes from two individuals unite during fertilization, leading to the formation of a zygote, which develops into a new organism. This type of reproduction is characterized by the combination of genetic material from both parents, resulting in offspring that possess genetic variation.

Genetic variation is crucial for the evolution and adaptability of species, as it enhances the diversity in traits that can be selected through natural selection. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves a single organism reproducing without the exchange of genetic material, leading to offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Cloning refers specifically to the process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell, which does not involve the typical reproductive processes. Fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction found in some organisms where the parent organism breaks into fragments, each capable of growing into a new individual, also lacking genetic contribution from two parents. This highlights the unique and essential role of sexual reproduction in fostering genetic diversity within populations.