Which term refers to the process of ecological succession that involves initially colonizing species?

The correct term for the process of ecological succession that involves initially colonizing species is pioneer succession. This term specifically refers to the stages of ecological succession where pioneer species, such as lichens, mosses, and some herbaceous plants, first inhabit an area that has been disturbed or newly formed, such as after a volcanic eruption or the retreat of a glacier. These species are often hardy and capable of thriving in harsh conditions, playing a critical role in soil formation and modifying the environment to allow other species to eventually populate the area.

Pioneer species create conditions more favorable for subsequent species by adding organic matter to the soil and improving its quality, which leads to a more diverse ecosystem over time. This progression from simple to more complex communities is a fundamental aspect of ecological succession, highlighting the importance of pioneer species in ecosystem development.