Which term refers to the state of being affected by a disease?

The term that refers to the state of being affected by a disease is "disease" itself. In medical terminology, a disease is defined as a specific pathological condition of a bodily part, an organism, or system resulting from various causes, including injury, infection, or genetic damage, and characterized by an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.

This choice specifically encapsulates the physical state of being affected by a pathological condition. Other terms, while related, do not convey the same precise meaning. "Illness," for example, often refers to the individual's subjective experience of their health condition, encompassing symptoms and their emotional responses. "Disturbance" is a broader term that can apply to various types of disruptions, not specifically limited to health. "Ailment" is a milder term usually referring to minor illnesses or conditions rather than the broader classification of diseases. Thus, "disease" is the most accurate term for describing the state of being affected by a disease.