Which type of cell-cell communication occurs across chemical synapses in the nervous system?

Synaptic signaling is the correct type of cell-cell communication that occurs across chemical synapses in the nervous system. In this process, the signaling occurs when a neuron sends neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of another neuron. This targeted communication enables rapid signaling and fine control over information transfer in neural circuits, distinguishing it from other forms of signaling.

Direct signaling involves the transfer of molecules without a synaptic cleft, typically seen in gap junctions where cells are in close contact. Paracrine signaling refers to the release of local signaling molecules that affect cells in the immediate vicinity rather than across a synapse. Endocrine signaling involves hormones released into the bloodstream, which can affect numerous distant cells throughout the body. In contrast, synaptic signaling is characterized by its specificity and efficiency in relaying information quickly between neurons.