Which type of gas is known for contributing to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation?

The greenhouse effect is primarily attributed to gases that can absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. Among the options presented, greenhouse gases are the general category that includes various specific gases known for this property.

While carbon dioxide is a specific greenhouse gas with a significant role in the greenhouse effect, the correct choice highlights the broader definition of these gases. Greenhouse gases encompass not only carbon dioxide but also methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, all of which contribute to the warming of the planet by absorbing infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface.

Nitrogen gas and oxygen gas, while being abundant in the atmosphere, do not significantly contribute to the greenhouse effect since they do not effectively absorb infrared radiation. Therefore, recognizing “greenhouse gas” as the correct answer reflects an understanding of this broader category responsible for climate change and the greenhouse effect.