Which type of pancreatic cell is responsible for secreting glucagon?

The alpha (α) cell is the type of pancreatic cell that is specifically responsible for secreting glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism by promoting the release of glucose stored in the liver into the bloodstream, particularly during times of low blood sugar levels.

When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon signals the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, thus helping to maintain homeostasis. This function is essential for preventing hypoglycemia and ensuring that the body has a constant supply of energy.

In contrast, beta (β) cells produce insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Delta (δ) cells secrete somatostatin, which regulates the action of both insulin and glucagon, and gamma (γ) cells are involved in the production of pancreatic polypeptide, which has a role in regulating pancreatic secretions and gastrointestinal activity. Each cell type in the pancreas has a distinct function, but in the context of glucagon secretion, the alpha (α) cell is the correct answer.