Which type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is essential for the process of protein synthesis because it serves as the intermediary that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for assembling proteins. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is transcribed to create a complementary RNA strand, which is the mRNA. This mRNA then undergoes processing, such as the addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, before it exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.

Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA interacts with ribosomes, where its codons (three-nucleotide sequences) are read and translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming a protein. This process underscores the role of mRNA as a crucial link between the genetic code found in DNA and the functional proteins that are synthesized in cells.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, and while it plays a vital role in the protein assembly process, it does not carry genetic information. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, but it does not carry the genetic code itself; rather, it recognizes the codons on the mRNA strand. Small